1. Element Name: Nickel
2. Symbol: Ni
3. History of Element (Discovery, How it was discovered, Date, Who discovered, other historical information)
Nickel was discovered by Baron Axel Frederik Cronstedt in 1751 in a mineral called niccolite. Apparently, he had expected to extract copper from this mineral but got none at all, obtaining instead a white metal that he called nickel after the mineral from which it was extracted.
4. The element is used for:
- chiefly valuable for the alloys it forms such as stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys
- tubing made of a copper-nickel alloy is extensively used in making desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water
- used extensively in coinage and in making nickel steel for armour plate and burglar-proof vaults
- nickel added to glass gives a green colour
- nickel plating is often used to provide a protective coating for other metals
- finely divided nickel is a catalyst for hydrogenating vegetable oils
- batteries
- electroplating
5. Period: 4
6. Family and/or Group :10
7. s, p, d, or f block? : d- block
8. Physical Properties
a. Image (Copy/Paste):
b. Color and Description:
lustrous, metallic, silvery tinge
C. State or phase at Room Temperature:
Solid
D. Metal, Metalloid, or Nonmetal?
Metal
E. Freezing Point/Melting Point:
Melting point: 1455 °C (2651 °F)
Freezing point:
F. Boiling Point/Vaporization Point:
Boiling point: 2913 °C (5275 °F)
Vaporization point:
G. Density: 8908 kg m-3
9. Atomic Number: 28
10. Average Atomic Mass:58.69
11. Atomic Mass Number (AMU or Mass Number): 59
12. Number of Protons: 28
13. Number of Neutrons: 31
14. How many Isotopes and what are they? :
Isotope | Atomic mass (ma/u) | Natural abundance (atom %) | Nuclear spin (I) | Magnetic moment (μ/μN) |
---|
58Ni |
57.9353462 (16) |
68.0769 (89) |
0 |
|
60Ni59.9307884 (16) |
26.2231 (77) |
0 |
|
61Ni |
60.9310579 (16) |
1.1399 (6) |
3/2 |
-0.75002 |
62Ni |
61.9283461 (16) |
3.6345 (17) |
0 |
|
64Ni |
63.9279679 (17) |
0.9256 (9) |
0 |
|
15. Number of Electrons: 28
16. Bohr Atom Model Drawing:
17. Electron Configuration Notation:[Ar].3d8.4s
18. Orbital Notation:
19. Electron Dot:
20. Electron Affinity:112 kJ mol-1.
21. Electron Electronegativity:
22. Atomic Radii (pm): 149 pm
23. Ionic Radii (pm):
Ion | Coordination type | Radius / pm |
---|
Ni(II) |
4-coordinate, tetrahedral |
69 |
Ni(II) |
4-coordinate, square-planar |
63 |
Ni(II) |
6-coordinate, octahedral |
83.0 |
Ni(III) |
6-coordinate, octahedral |
70 |
Ni(III) |
6-coordinate, octahedral, high spin |
74 |
Ni(IV) |
6-coordinate, octahedral |
62 |
24. Ionization Energy:
25. Number of Valence Electrons: 2
26. Charge if ionized (gains or loses electrons?): Gains
27. Common Compounds:
Hydrides
The term hydride is used to indicate compounds of the type MxHy and not necessarily to indicate that any compounds listed behave as hydrides chemically.
Fluorides
Chlorides
Bromides
Iodides
Oxides
Sulfides
Selenides
Tellurides
Nitrides
Carbonyls
Complexes
28. Important Links to videos, 3D images, and interactive images:
Comments (1)
Marcia Talkmitt said
at 8:46 pm on Sep 25, 2011
91...there are some corrections needed....
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