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Corbin Henzler- Nickel Ni

Page history last edited by Marcia Talkmitt 12 years, 6 months ago Saved with comment

1.  Element Name: Nickel

 

2.  Symbol:  Ni

 

3.  History of Element (Discovery, How it was discovered, Date, Who discovered, other historical information) 

Nickel was discovered by Baron Axel Frederik Cronstedt in 1751 in a mineral called niccolite. Apparently, he had expected to extract copper from this mineral but got none at all, obtaining instead a white metal that he called nickel after the mineral from which it was extracted.

4.  The element is used for: 

  • chiefly valuable for the alloys it forms such as stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys
  • tubing made of a copper-nickel alloy is extensively used in making desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water
  • used extensively in coinage and in making nickel steel for armour plate and burglar-proof vaults
  • nickel added to glass gives a green colour
  • nickel plating is often used to provide a protective coating for other metals
  • finely divided nickel is a catalyst for hydrogenating vegetable oils
  • batteries
  • electroplating

 

5.  Period: 4

 

6.  Family and/or Group :10

 

7.  s, p, d, or f block? :  d- block  

 

8.  Physical Properties

            a. Image (Copy/Paste):

 picture of nickel

            b. Color and Description:

 lustrous, metallic, silvery tinge

            C. State or phase at Room Temperature:

Solid 

            D. Metal, Metalloid, or Nonmetal?     

Metal 

            E. Freezing Point/Melting Point:

 Melting point: 1455 °C (2651 °F)

Freezing point:

  F.  Boiling Point/Vaporization Point:

 Boiling point: 2913 °C (5275 °F)

Vaporization point:

 G. Density: 8908  kg m-3 

9.  Atomic Number: 28

 

10.  Average Atomic Mass:58.69 

 

11.  Atomic Mass Number (AMU or Mass Number): 59 

 

12.  Number of Protons: 28 

 

13. Number of Neutrons: 31

 

14.  How many Isotopes and what are they? : 

IsotopeAtomic mass (ma/u)Natural abundance (atom %)Nuclear spin (I)Magnetic moment (μ/μN)
58Ni 57.9353462 (16) 68.0769 (89) 0  
60Ni59.9307884 (16) 26.2231 (77) 0  
61Ni 60.9310579 (16) 1.1399 (6) 3/2 -0.75002
62Ni 61.9283461 (16) 3.6345 (17) 0  
64Ni 63.9279679 (17) 0.9256 (9) 0  

 

15.  Number of Electrons:  28

 

16.  Bohr Atom Model Drawing: 
 Kossel shell structure of Ni

17.  Electron Configuration Notation:[Ar].3d8.4s 

 

18.  Orbital Notation:

 

19.   Electron Dot: 

 

20.  Electron Affinity:112  kJ mol-1.  

 

21.  Electron Electronegativity: 

ElectronegativityValue in Pauling units
Pauling electronegativity 1.91
Sanderson electronegativity 1.94
Allred Rochow electronegativity 1.75
Mulliken-Jaffe electronegativity no data
Allen electronegativity no data

 

22.  Atomic Radii (pm): 149  pm

 

23.  Ionic Radii (pm): 

IonCoordination typeRadius / pm
Ni(II) Ionic radius for tetrahedral +2 ions of the chemical elements displayed on a miniature periodic table 4-coordinate, tetrahedral 69
Ni(II) 4-coordinate, square-planar 63
Ni(II) 6-coordinate, octahedral 83.0
Ni(III) 6-coordinate, octahedral 70
Ni(III) 6-coordinate, octahedral, high spin 74
Ni(IV) 6-coordinate, octahedral 62

24.  Ionization Energy: 

Ionisation energy numberEnthalpy /kJ mol-1
1st 737.1
2nd 1753.0
3rd 3395
4th 5300
5th 7339
6th 10400
7th 12800
8th 15600
9th 18600
10th 21670
11th 30970
12th 34000
13th 37100
14th 41500
15th 44800
16th 48100
17th 55101
18th 58570
19th 148700
20th 159000
21st 169400

 

25.  Number of Valence Electrons: 2

 

26. Charge if ionized (gains or loses electrons?): Gains

 

27.  Common Compounds:

Hydrides

The term hydride is used to indicate compounds of the type MxHy and not necessarily to indicate that any compounds listed behave as hydrides chemically.

  • none listed

Fluorides

Chlorides

Bromides

  • none listed

Iodides

Oxides

Sulfides

Selenides

Tellurides

  • none listed

Nitrides

  • none listed

Carbonyls

Complexes

 

28.  Important Links to videos, 3D images, and interactive images:

 nickel crystal structure image (space filling style)

Comments (1)

Marcia Talkmitt said

at 8:46 pm on Sep 25, 2011

91...there are some corrections needed....

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